Decline in American Christian Observance has Slowed, Pew Study Finds

The Banner has a subscription to republish articles from Religion News Service. This story by Fiona André was published Feb. 26, 2025, on religionnews.com. It has been edited for length and Banner style. The Banner added the final paragraph to provide context for the Christian Reformed Church.

The Pew Research Center Religious Landscape Study’s 2023-24 edition, released at the end of February, points at changes in American religious observance, including those identifying as Christian, stabilizing after years of steady decline and growth of the religiously unaffiliated leveling off.

Generally, a decline in American religiousness observed since at least 2007 has slowed over the past four to five years. However, Pew Research Center noted in its report that the country is heading toward less religiousness.

“The U.S. is a spiritual place, a religious place, where we’ve seen signs of religious stabilization in the midst of longer-term decline,” said Gregory Smith, a senior associate director of research at Pew, during a press briefing.

Now on its third edition, Pew released similar reports in 2007 and 2014, aiming to fill a gap in recognized, reliable data sources on America’s religious composition, beliefs, and practices.

From July 2023 to March 2024, the center polled 35,000 adult respondents randomly selected from the U.S. Postal Service address registry. This third edition was to be published in 2021 but was postponed to avoid flawed results due to the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on religious life.

After dropping from 78% to 71% between 2007 and 2014, the share of U.S. adults identifying as Christian has now dropped to 62%, according to the report. However, it notes this figure has been relatively stable since 2019, oscillating between 60% and 64%.

Protestants are still the largest subgroup of Christians, with 40% of American adults identifying as such. However, all major Protestant denominations have declined since the first Pew Religious Landscape Study report in 2007. The percentage of respondents who identify as evangelical Protestants dropped from 26% to 23%; those who identify as mainline Protestants dropped from 18% to 11%; and those in historically Black Protestant denominations decreased from 7% to 5%.

Catholics are the second largest, representing 19% of the entire Christian population. Other denominations, including Greek and Russian Orthodox (and the study also included The Church of Latter-day Saints and Jehovah’s Witnesses here), represent 3% of the Christian population according to the study.

Members of the United Methodist Church declined from 5% to 3% of U.S. adults since 2007. The report also indicates similar declines in Baptist and Lutheran Christians.

However, those identifying as non-Christian religious adults rose from 4.9% in 2007, to 5.9% in 2014, and to 7.1% in 2023-24. Among them, 1.7% identified as Jewish, 1.2% as Muslim, 1.1% as Buddhist and 0.9% as Hindu, in addition to 2.2% who identified as “other non-Christian religions.”

Additionally, the growth of the religiously unaffiliated, also called nones, has plateaued after decades of rapid growth. In 2007, they represented 16% of U.S. adults, rising to 23% in 2014, and 29% in 2023-24. It includes 5% who identify as atheists, 6% who describe themselves as agnostics, and 19% who identify as “nothing in particular.”

More than 8 out of 10 American adults indicated they were spiritual or believe in the supernatural; 86% agreed people have a soul or spirit in addition to their physical body. A large portion also believe in God or a universal spirit (83%) and/or something spiritual beyond the natural world (79%). About 70% indicated they believe in heaven, hell, or both. These figures are relatively the same across age categories.

Though this latest study shows a stabilizing religious composition in America, Pew researchers project a decline in religiousness in the future. Less religious younger generations are progressively expected to replace older, highly religious, and heavily Christian generations.

“This means that, for lasting stability to take hold in the U.S. religious landscape, something would need to change,” the report explains. “For example, today’s young adults would have to become more religious as they age, or new generations of adults who are more religious than their parents would have to emerge.”

While 54% of adults ages 54 and older said they pray daily, only 31% ages 24-34 do so, and 27% for ages 18-24. Younger cohorts also attend religious services less often compared with older generations and are also less likely to express beliefs in God or a universal spirit than other generations.

A trend of younger Americans becoming more religious as they age has never been observed before, the report notes. And comparing the results to previous report findings, between 2007 and 2023-24, each age group has become less religious as it aged.

The share of American adults who switched religions since childhood, at 35%, has also increased the religiously unaffiliated and led to fewer people identifying as Christians.

The percentage of Americans who engage in religious practices remained relatively stable over the last few years, despite decreasing from 2007, according to Pew. In the 2023-24 report, 44% of respondents said they pray at least once a day, which is consistent with 2021 findings from Pew’s annual National Public Opinion Reference Survey. However, that’s down from 55% who said they prayed daily in 2014, and 58% in 2007.

Also, in Pew’s 2020 NPORS, 33% of U.S. adults said they attend religious services at least once or twice a month. Similar results were found in 2023-24 data, indicating stability over the last several years.

The Christian Reformed Church surveys its membership every year, including questions about spiritual disciplines such as prayer and Bible study. In 2024 76% of respondents said they prayed daily privately and 50% read the Bible daily. 83.9% of the CRC survey respondents said they attended Sunday morning worship services every Sunday. 11.9% of respondents attend Sunday evening services every week. 63.9% said their church does not have evening services.

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