Despite a promise by the Sudanese government to grant its minority Christian population religious freedom, church leaders there said that they are beset by increased restrictions and hostility in the wake of the South Sudan’s independence.
In 2011, South Sudan, a mostly Christian region, split from the predominantly Muslim and Arab north in a process strongly supported by the international community and churches in the West.
The two regions had fought a two-decade long civil war that ended in 2005 following the signing of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement. The pact granted the South Sudanese a referendum after a six-year interim period and independence six months later. In the referendum, the people of South Sudan chose separation.
But while the separation is praised as good for political reasons, several churches in Khartoum, the northern capital, have been destroyed and others closed down, along with affiliated schools and orphanages.
Christians in Sudan are facing increased arrests, detention, and deportation, with church-associated centers being raided and foreign missionaries kicked out, according to the leaders.
“The situation of Christians and the church is very difficult at the moment,” said Roman Catholic Auxiliary Bishop Daniel Adwok of the Khartoum Archdiocese.
After the secession, President Omar al-Bashir promised a country governed by an Islamic constitution where Islam is the official religion.
On July 7, Bashir declared that the constitution would serve as “a role model for all people who have aspirations to apply religion in all aspects of their lives.”
He also promised the participation of religious leaders in writing the laws. But church leaders say that is unlikely. Though the current constitution recognizes all religions, in practice the government has not been inclusive. More than 97 percent of Sudan’s 30 million residents are Muslim.
Recently, some government officials, politicians, and Muslim leaders have issued statements indicating the growing intolerance.
In April, Al-Fatih Taj El- Sir, the minister for guidance and social endowments, said the government would no longer license new churches because attendance had stagnated following the independence of South Sudan. In an address to parliament, El-Sir said the number of abandoned church buildings had increased after most Christians had moved to the south.
And in May, Ammar Saleh, chairman of the Khartoum-based Islamic Centre for Preaching and Comparative Studies, rebuked his government for failing to take decisive action against Christians who were allegedly operating “boldly” in the country.
Adwok said he found the government statements disturbing.
“It is true some have moved to South Sudan, but there are many who are still here,” he said. “This statement (that all Christians have left) cannot be thrown around aimlessly. The numbers have decreased, but it does not mean there are no Christians here.”
More than 300,000 Christians live in Khartoum, according to the leaders, with many others living in the conflict-hit Nuba Mountains and Blue Nile regions.
There they have been subjected to aerial bombardment by the Sudanese Air Force, according to humanitarian agencies.
Many fear that the government is trying to eliminate Christianity as it adopts Islamic law, said Rev. James Par Tap, moderator of the Presbyterian Church of Sudan.
“Many people are being forced out and their property taken away,” Par Tap said. “Even the churches are being taken away. We have been trying to talk to the government, but it’s not easy.”
He said Sudanese churches had been denied many rights in the history of the country. The groups could only get building space on the periphery of cities such as Khartoum. Many Christians are not seen as citizens; they often face forced conversion to Islam.
“Church freedom is so constrained, (and) holding meetings in the open is a crime,” said Rev. Barnaba Mathias of the Sudanese Church of Christ. “We have to seek permission from the authorities for such meetings, which is often denied. Our children are not taught Christian education in schools, so we have to gather them somewhere on Fridays to teach them,” he adds.
Mathias urges the international Christian community to act as the voice of the persecuted Sudanese church so that it can be granted its freedom. For now, its members can only pray in the churches—with Khartoum closely watching.
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